Clinical Research Paper Database
The papers are organized based on the following categories:
Title
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Title
Hearing it again and again: On-line subcortical plasticity in humans
Description
Background: Human brainstem activity is sensitive to local sound statistics, as reflected in an enhanced response in repetitive compared to pseudo-random stimulus conditions. Here we probed the short-term time course of this enhancement using a paradigm that assessed how the local sound statistic...
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Title
Music, noise-exclusion, and learning
Description
Children with language-based learning disorders show impaired processing of speech in challenging listening environments, suggesting a noise-exclusion deficit. Musical expertise induces neuroplastic changes throughout the nervous system, including sharpening of early sensory processing, improved ...
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Title
Can you hear me now? Musical training shapes functional brain networks for selective auditory attention and hearing speech in noise
Description
Even in the quietest of rooms, our senses are perpetually inundated by a barrage of sounds, requiring the auditory system to adapt to a variety of listening conditions in order to extract signals of interest (e.g., one speaker’s voice amidst others). Brain networks that promote selective attentio...
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Title
Musical experience shapes human brainstem encoding of linguistic pitch patterns
Description
Music and speech are very cognitively demanding auditory phenomena generally attributed to cortical rather than subcortical circuitry. We examined brainstem encoding of linguistic pitch and found that musicians show more robust and faithful encoding compared with nonmusicians. These results not o...
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Title
Musicians have enhanced subcortical auditory and audiovisual processing of speech and music
Description
Musical training is known to modify cortical organization. Here, we show that such modifications extend to subcortical sensory structures and generalize to processing of speech. Musicians had earlier and larger brainstem responses than nonmusician controls to both speech and music stimuli present...
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Title
Auditory processing malleability: Focus on language and music
Description
Auditory processing forms the basis of humans' ability to engage in complex behaviors such as understanding spoken language or playing a musical instrument. Auditory processing is not a rigid, encapsulated process; rather, it interacts intimately with other neural systems and is affected by exper...
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Title
Learning to encode timing: Mechanisms of plasticity in the auditory brainstem
Description
Mechanisms of plasticity have traditionally been ascribed to higher-order sensory processing areas such as the cortex, whereas early sensory processing centers have been considered largely hard-wired. In agreement with this view, the auditory brainstem has been viewed as a nonplastic site, import...
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Title
Musical experience promotes subcortical efficiency in processing emotional vocal sounds
Description
To understand how musical experience influences subcortical processing of emotionally salient sounds, we recorded brain stem potentials to affective vocal sounds. Our results suggest that auditory expertise engenders subcortical auditory processing efficiency that is intricately connected with ac...
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Title
Musician enhancement for speech in noise
Description
Objective: To investigate the effect of musical training on speech-in-noise (SIN) performance, a complex task requiring the integration of working memory and stream segregation as well as the detection of time-varying perceptual cues. Previous research has indicated that, in combination with life...
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Title
Context-dependent encoding in the auditory brainstem subserves enhanced speech-in-noise perception in musicians
Description
Musical training strengthens speech perception in the presence of background noise. Given that the ability to make use of speech sound regularities, such as pitch, underlies perceptual acuity in challenging listening environments, we asked whether musicians' enhanced speech-in-noise perception is...
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Title
Harmonic relationships influence auditory brainstem encoding of chords
Description
The cortical processing of musical sounds is influenced by listeners' sensitivity to the structural regularities of music, and particularly by sensitivity to harmonic relationships. As subcortical and cortical processing dynamically interact to shape auditory perception in an experience-dependent...
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Title
Neural encoding of speech and music: Implications for hearing speech in noise
Description
Understanding speech in a background of competing noise is challenging, especially for individuals with hearing loss or deficits in auditory processing ability. The ability to hear in background noise cannot be predicted from the audiogram, an assessment of peripheral hearing ability; therefore, ...
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Board Members: David Gibson, Randy Masters, Jennifer Catalano, Lisa Lippincott, Jackie Miller, Anders Christensen